Strengthening Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors as a Strategy for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Urban Communities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v5i9.66Keywords:
Healthy Lifestyle, Cardiovascular Disease, Urban Community, Disease Prevention, Systematic Literature Review (SLR)Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the main health problems in urban communities due to the increase in risk factors related to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. This study aims to analyze the relationship between strengthening healthy living behaviors and cardiovascular disease prevention strategies in urban communities. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by examining 25 scientific articles obtained through identification, selection, and evaluation processes based on inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach to identify patterns of healthy lifestyle interventions. The results showed that regular physical activity, balanced diet, weight control, and health education contributed significantly to the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors. In conclusion, strengthening healthy living behaviors through evidence-based strategies can be an effective approach in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and the development of urban public health interventions.
References
Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J. P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., DiPietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., … Willumsen, J. F. (2021). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(3), 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955.
Celis-Morales, C., Pérez-Bravo, F., Ibañez, A., et al. (2022). Effectiveness of digital health interventions for lifestyle modification and cardiovascular risk reduction: A systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(6), e35689. https://doi.org/10.2196/35689.
D’Amario, D., Migliaro, S., et al. (2022). Lifestyle interventions and cardiovascular prevention: Current evidence and future perspectives. European Heart Journal Supplements, 24(Suppl F), F45–F52. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/suac042.
Ding, D., Nguyen, B., & Gebel, K. (2022). Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in urban populations: Implications for cardiovascular health promotion. The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific, 21, 100394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100394.
Estruch, R., Ros, E., & Martínez-González, M. A. (2021). Mediterranean diet for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 384, 1279–1290. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1800389.
Fiuza-Luces, C., Santos-Lozano, A., Joyner, M., Carrera-Bastos, P., Picazo, O., Zugaza, J. L., & Lucia, A. (2021). Exercise benefits in cardiovascular disease: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 18, 237–252. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-00469-5.
GBD 2023 Cardiovascular Diseases Collaborators. (2025). Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2023. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2025.08.015.
Kario, K., Nomura, A., Harada, N., Okura, A., & Nakagawa, K. (2022). Digital therapeutics for hypertension and cardiovascular risk management. Hypertension Research, 45, 1133–1145. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-022-00913-2.
Lichtenstein, A. H., Appel, L. J., Vadiveloo, M., Hu, F. B., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Rebholz, C. M., Sacks, F. M., Thorndike, A. N., Van Horn, L., & Wylie-Rosett, J. (2021). 2021 Dietary guidance to improve cardiovascular health: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 144(23), e472–e487. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001031.
Lim, G. P., Appalasamy, J. R., Ahmad, B., Quek, K. F., & Ramadas, A. (2024). Peer-led lifestyle interventions for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in community: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMC Public Health, 24, 812. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18328-w.
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Allen, N. B., Anderson, C. A. M., Black, T., Brewer, L. C., Foraker, R. E., Grandner, M. A., Lavretsky, H., Perak, A. M., Sharma, G., et al. (2022). Life’s Essential 8: Updating and enhancing the American Heart Association’s construct of cardiovascular health. Circulation, 146(5), e18–e43. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001078.
Mozaffarian, D., Elkind, M. S. V., et al. (2021). Dietary and policy priorities for cardiovascular disease prevention. Circulation, 143(14), e963–e984. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000961.
Ndejjo, R., Al-Hassan, Y., Mutebi, A., Musoke, D., Wanyenze, R. K., et al. (2021). Community-based interventions for cardiovascular disease prevention in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 21, 1748. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11787-3.
O’Donnell, M., Chin, S. L., Rangarajan, S., Xavier, D., Liu, L., Zhang, H., et al. (2022). Global and regional effects of lifestyle-related risk factors on cardiovascular disease prevention. Journal of the American Medical Association, 327(12), 1157–1168. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.1234.
Ozemek, C., Lavie, C. J., & Rognmo, Ø. (2021). Global physical activity levels—Need for intervention. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 64, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.10.002.
Soltani, S., Djalalinia, S., Motlagh, M. E., Qorbani, M., Kelishadi, R., et al. (2021). Community-based cardiovascular disease prevention interventions: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 21, 1516. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11577-x.
Visseren, F. L. J., Mach, F., Smulders, Y. M., Carballo, D., Koskinas, K. C., Bäck, M., Benetos, A., Biffi, A., Boavida, J. M., Capodanno, D., Cosyns, B., Crawford, C., Davos, C. H., Desormais, I., Di Angelantonio, E., et al. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. European Heart Journal, 42(34), 3227–3337. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484.
Wang, Y., Min, J., Khuri, J., Xue, H., Xie, B., & Wang, Y. (2022). Effectiveness of mobile health interventions on cardiovascular disease prevention: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 10(5), e33347. https://doi.org/10.2196/33347.
World Health Organization. (2025). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs): Key facts. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-%28cvds%29.




























